Showing posts with label Caritas in Veritate. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Caritas in Veritate. Show all posts

Monday, January 21, 2013

"...Efficient Use - Not Abuse - of Natural Resources..."

The notion that Christianity is bad for the environment has been remarkably durable. Apart from wishful thinking on the part of ardent secularists, I think Victorian-era attitudes got confused with Christian teachings: and that's another topic. (October 29, 2012)

I've been taking my time with section 50 of "Caritas in Veritate," where Benedict XVI discusses responsible stewardship over nature. This is the sort of 'environmentalism' I can take seriously: which is something of a relief, since I developed 'environmental awareness' in the '60s: and never discarded it.

I've had to fine-tune what I think about environmental issues, as I learn more about what the Church teaches. Mostly, it's been a matter of my understanding more clearly why it's important to leave something for the next generation.

"That Covenant Between Human Beings and the Environment"

There's a lot going on in this excerpt:
"...This means being committed to making joint decisions 'after pondering responsibly the road to be taken, decisions aimed at strengthening that covenant between human beings and the environment, which should mirror the creative love of God, from whom we come and towards whom we are journeying'[120]...."
("Caritas in Veritate," 50)
Benedict XVI is writing about "our grave duty to hand the earth on to future generations." It's a bit of a challenge, since we're expected to leave humanity's home in good working order when we're through: and preferably in better shape than we found it.

That inner quote, starting with "after pondering," is from something the Pope wrote for the World Day of Peace, 2008:
"...If the protection of the environment involves costs, they should be justly distributed, taking due account of the different levels of development of various countries and the need for solidarity with future generations. Prudence does not mean failing to accept responsibilities and postponing decisions; it means being committed to making joint decisions after pondering responsibly the road to be taken, decisions aimed at strengthening that covenant between human beings and the environment, which should mirror the creative love of God, from whom we come and towards whom we are journeying...."
("Message for the celebration of the World Day of Peace 2008")
He had been saying that humanity is a family, that our home is "the earth," and that we're responsible for what we do with our home.

Catholics are expected to take responsibility very seriously: that's one stereotype that's not far from the truth, and that's yet another topic.

I'm not entirely sure what "that covenant between human beings and the environment" is. It may be connected with our being made "in the image of God." I want to think about that some more - and do a bit of research.

Natural Resources, Efficiency, and Values

"... One of the greatest challenges facing the economy is to achieve the most efficient use - not abuse - of natural resources, based on a realization that the notion of 'efficiency' is not value-free."
("Message for the celebration of the World Day of Peace 2008")
I'm about as sure as I can be that the responsibility of preparing a world for future generations does not mean keeping everything the way it is now. This world is designed to change, to be in a "state of journeying" - - - And that's yet again another topic.

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Monday, January 14, 2013

Advanced Technologies and Responsible Stewardship

I've run into quite a few goofy ideas about natural resources, environmental concerns, and human beings. Some of them may have fallen out of fashion: I'm quite sure that others haven't. The crazier ones include:
  • Natural resources
    • Are infinite
    • May be plundered
      • The Bible says so
    • Won't last long
      • We're doomed
  • Environmental concerns
    • Have priority over everything else
    • Are for crazy people
    • Involve abandoning technology
      • Invented after about 1850
    • Mean culling human populations to 'sustainable' levels
  • Human beings
    • Own the natural world
    • Are destroying the natural world
I'd say that I'm oversimplifying: but I've run into 'all of the above' at one time or another.

Sane Environmentalism

At the risk of seeming churlish: I don't think that we have "too many" human beings; and I do think that it's not 1970 any more:
On the other hand, I think it's important that we be smart about using natural resources.

Genesis, Stewardship, and Getting a Grip

The first chapter of Genesis doesn't say 'do thou go forth and plunder the earth, make foul the seas, and blacken the skies with soot.' Granted, some folks may think that's what Genesis 1:28 means:
"God blessed them, saying: 'Be fertile and multiply; fill the earth and subdue it. Have dominion over the fish of the sea, the birds of the air, and all the living things that move on the earth.' "
(Genesis 1:28)
I'm a Catholic, so I'm not allowed to misuse natural resources:
  • Creation is
    • Orderly
    • Good
    • Made with humanity in mind
    (Catechism of the Catholic Church, 299)
  • Humans
    • Must
      • Respect the particular goodness of every creature
      • Avoid any disordered use of creation
        • Doing so would
          • Show contempt of the Creator
          • Hurt people
      (Catechism, 339)
    • Are supposed to "subdue the earth"
      • As stewards, to
        • Not destroy
        • Act responsibly
      (Catechism, 373)
We're part of this creation, too: and basically good, too. Genesis 1:31 and all that. Since I'm Catholic, my view of "original sin" isn't that humanity is a botched job. And that's another topic. (July 11, 2012)

Technology's Okay: Irresponsibility Isn't

Like I said, we have "dominion" over nature, the same way a steward had "dominion" over an estate. We're responsible for managing the natural world:
"...Human beings legitimately exercise a responsible stewardship over nature, in order to protect it, to enjoy its fruits and to cultivate it in new ways, with the assistance of advanced technologies, so that it can worthily accommodate and feed the world's population...."
("Caritas in Veritate," 50)
Long-range planning comes with the job:
"...At the same time we must recognize our grave duty to hand the earth on to future generations in such a condition that they too can worthily inhabit it and continue to cultivate it...."
("Caritas in Veritate," 50)
I don't think that science and technology will solve all our problems. But I'm quite sure that they aren't to blame for all our problems, either. I've quoted Job 5:7 before.

I'm also quite sure that this famous quote is wrong: "Everything that can be invented has been invented." As it turns out, that's not what Charles Holland Duell said, and that's yet another topic.

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Monday, January 7, 2013

Living in Minnesota: Or, Why We Need a Furnace

Normally, I'd have written another post about Benedict XVI's "Caritas in Veritate." I've been going through a part that discusses environmental concerns, energy and other resources, and the contrast between the way things are: and the way they should be. ("Caritas in Veritate," 49)

When I talked about what the Pope had to say about how energy resources with my wife, she pointed out that we need quite a bit of energy around this time of year. We live in central Minnesota, it's mid-winter, and she's right.

Living in Minnesota: Hot, Cold, and Everything In Between

I enjoyed living in San Francisco, but the climate there was boring. Summer was a little warmer than winter, the city has statistically significant variations in precipitation through out the year: but it was never particularly hot or cold; and the single lightning bolt in the city during my 18 month stay was front page news.

I grew up near the Minnesota-North Dakota border, and have spent the bulk of my life in central Minnesota. The climate here is not boring. The family spends a few hours in the basement each summer, waiting for word that a tornado has passed. More than a foot of snow falls during most winters, although that varies from one year to the next.

Minnesota winters aren't always cold. Montevideo, a bit south of us, got up to 69 degrees Fahrenheit during January in 1981: on the other hand, Embarrass got down to −57 Fahrenheit one January day in 1904, and was that low on January 21 and 22 in 1996 and 1996.

Minnesota's weather is not boring.

More about Minnesota's climate:

Remembering to Close the Door

My area's climate encourages common sense. I doubt that many folks living in Minnesota leave their front door open during winter. Open doors and windows aren't the only way folks can lose heat, though. Although my wife and I have found and plugged the obvious gaps in our home's insulation, most years we find new ways to heat the house more efficiently.

What we won't do is get a 'sustainable' house like the one built by Nathan Good Architect. That remarkable residence produces more energy than it consumes.

More accurately, we can't achieve that sort of 'sustainability.'

I read about Nathan Good Architect's amazing sustainable house a few years ago:
"...I did a little checking. Sure enough: that house had to be designed to stand up to the rugged extremes of Oregon's coastal climate. That's a part of the world where temperatures soar, on average, to a torrid 69 degrees Fahrenheit in August, and where residents must brace themselves for a frigid 38 degrees Fahrenheit in January: again, on average...."
(Apathetic Lemming of the North (August 4, 2009))

Minnesota isn't Oregon

If those temperature 'extremes' were all we had to deal with: we might not even need a furnace.

As it is, my part of the world sometimes goes from 69 degrees Fahrenheit to 38 degrees - above zero - in one day. That sort of Oregon coast 'sustainability' simply isn't an option here in Minnesota. Not with today's technology.

Circumstances, Foreseen and Otherwise

I expect to have a "Caritas in Veritate" post ready for next Monday, barring unforeseen circumstances. I'd have had one today, but spent the week dodging the flu and enjoying an Epiphany-weekend get-together with family.

It was time well-spent.

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Monday, December 31, 2012

Energy Resources, Change, and Assumptions

Before getting to what I think of "a worldwide redistribution of energy resources," I'd better lay some groundwork.

'Inevitable Progress,' 'We're All Gonna Die,' and Getting a Grip

Two equally silly ideas have been taken quite seriously:
  • Technology and science will solve all our problems
  • Technology and science cause all our problems
I've been over that before. (December 17, 2012)

Technology, History, and Assumptions

Assuming that technology and science could solve every problem we have may not be as as daft as it seems. Not for someone living in England or America during the 19th century, or the first half of the 20th. At the beginning of that period, cholera and other diseases killed many who survived the occasional famine.

Then everything changed:
  • 1801 to 1899
    • Anesthesia
    • Antiseptics
    • The Jacquard Loom
    • The McCormick reaper
    • Steam locomotives
    • The telegraph
    • A variety of electric lighting devices
      (about.com: 1800s)
  • 1900 to 1950
    • Air conditioners
    • Kidney dialysis machines
    • Neon lights
    • Penicillin
    • Talking motion pictures
    • Radio transmitters and receivers
    • Zeppelins
      • Okay: so not all inventions caught on
      (about.com: 1900s)
I think nuclear weapons, smog, and daytime television programming took some of the luster off the 'technology will solve everything' notion: just as Auschwitz and Dachau encouraged a reevaluation of 'inevitable progress;' and that's another topic. (October 30, 2010)

Freedom, Faith, and Me

I'm a Catholic. I take my faith seriously, so I'm obliged to:
  • Support religious freedom
    (Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2104-2109)
    • For everyone
      (Catechism, 2106)
  • Act as if my faith matters
    (Catechism, 1815)
  • Be a good citizen
    (Catechism, 2238-43, 2255)
  • Work for social justice
    (Catechism, 1928-1942)
"Social justice?!" That isn't the moonstruck goofiness that seems to have peaked with political correctness. It's not the 'good old American values' that another set desperately wants either.

I've been over this before:

"Worldwide Redistribution of Energy Resources"

Like "social justice," the term "redistribution" has been associated with a fashionable ideology.

Benedict XVI's "redistribution" isn't that 'steal from the rich and give to the bureaucrats' nonsense, and I've been over this before. (October 22, 2012; July 30, 2012)

On the other hand, what the Pope says is as radical as any campus activist's dream.

We live in a world where some folks, including me, have access to a great deal of energy and other resources. I don't accept the 'Yankee imperialist warmonger oppressor' attitude: but I do recognize that the status quo isn't acceptable.

I think Americans can be a great deal more efficient about how we use energy. I also think that there can be 'enough to go around,' without pulling nations whose citizens have made Information Age technology possible down to pre-Industrial Age living standards.

If we're going to change the way we use energy and other resources - we're going to have to make changes. All of us.

When "redistribution" means being told that you're going to get what the 'fat cats' have, it looks good. When "redistribution" means changing a familiar way of life? That, I think, will not be popular: for both the 'haves,' and the 'have-nots.'

I am cautiously hopeful, particularly since we're developing more efficient technologies: and because I have seen people adjust to new ideas.

Here's what got me started today:
"...What is also needed, though, is a worldwide redistribution of energy resources, so that countries lacking those resources can have access to them. The fate of those countries cannot be left in the hands of whoever is first to claim the spoils, or whoever is able to prevail over the rest. ..."
("Caritas in Veritate," 49)

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Monday, December 17, 2012

Solidarity and Silly Ideas

Over the last two centuries, the English-speaking world swung from one silly idea to another:
  • Technology and science will solve all our problems
  • Technology and science cause all our problems
The idea that trouble isn't our fault, that it comes from something other than our own decisions, is hardly new:
"For mischief comes not out of the earth, nor does trouble spring out of the ground;

"2 But man himself begets mischief, as sparks fly upward."
(Job 5:6-7)

Ethics Matter

No matter what sort of technology we have, we can't get away from natural law. And that's another topic. The idea that at least some human beings are "beyond good and evil" may still be attractive: but it's not the way things work. (March 9, 2012)

Science and technology:
  • Are
    • Precious resources
      • When placed at the service of humanity
      • Promoting humanity's development
        • All humanity
    • Related to humanity
      • Made by humanity
      • Used by humanity
  • Can't
    • Show the meaning of
      • Existence
      • Human progress
    (Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2293)
There's more, about ethics and research. (Catechism, 2294-2295)

On a related point, organ transplants are okay: but killing someone to get parts for someone else isn't. (Catechism, 2296)

What the Catholic Church says isn't "science is evil," or "technology kills." We're told that ethics matter, whether we use old-fashioned tech or the latest gadgets.

Environmental Issues and the Pope

The coming ice age gave way to global warming as the crisis du jure, and we didn't die in global disasters that didn't happen. (October 30, 2009)

I'm as concerned about environmental issues as I was on the first Earth Day: but I've learned to take what 'experts' say with a grain of salt. Sometimes the whole container.

I might not have taken this seriously, if it had come from another source:
"Questions linked to the care and preservation of the environment today need to give due consideration to the energy problem...."
("Caritas in Veritate," 49)
Benedict XVI is Pope, so I need to pay attention to what he says. Besides, he's got a track record for making sense. Infallibility, by the way, doesn't mean that a Pope can't make mistakes. John Paul II talked about that. (March 24, 1993)

I kept reading.

"Solidarity?"

"Solidarity" shows up quite a bit in documents coming from the Vatican. The word means several things, depending on context:
  1. The integration shown by a society or group with people and their neighbors
    • The degree and type of integration
    • Ties in a society that bind people to one another
    • Generally employed in sociology and other social sciences
    (Wikipedia)
  2. The name of a socialist newspaper
    (Wikipedia)
  3. A political movement in Poland
    • Began in the labor unions
    • Contributed to the fall of Communism in Poland
    (Wictionary)
  4. A union of interests or purposes or sympathies among members of a group
    (Princeton's WordNet)
  5. A moral and social attitude
    • Recognizing interdependence as a "virtue"
    ("Sollicitudo rei socialis," John Paul II)
In "Caritas in Veritate," I'm pretty sure that "solidarity" is a moral and social attitude that recognizes interdependence as a "virtue."

For me, recognizing interdependence isn't so much "virtuous," as obvious. I also recognize that we need oxygen: and that's almost another topic.

"...A Pressing Moral Need for Renewed Solidarity..."

"...On this front too, there is a pressing moral need for renewed solidarity, especially in relationships between developing countries and those that are highly industrialized [118]. The technologically advanced societies can and must lower their domestic energy consumption, either through an evolution in manufacturing methods or through greater ecological sensitivity among their citizens...."
("Caritas in Veritate," 49)
I live in one of those "technologically advanced societies," and acknowledge that as a group we waste an awful lot of power and resources. I'm not sure about pushing "greater ecological sensitivity:" quite a few of us seem to be too overwrought.

I'd settle for folks learning to turn off equipment we're not using. Keeping doors closed during winter would help, too.

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Monday, December 3, 2012

Common Sense and New Light 'Bulbs'

Maybe you've heard this joke:
A little old lady on an airliner was obviously uneasy. Asked what troubled her, she replied: "We should all be where God intended us to be, at home watching television!"
My father shared that one with me, about a half-century back. It's still one of my favorite, if fictional, examples of uneven acceptance of technology.

Candles to LED in Two Generations

My father grew up a pocket of the American Midwest that was essentially pre-industrial. A horse pulled their farm equipment, and the first high-tech lighting system was a kerosene lantern.

I grew up when television changed from a black-and-white novelty to a color staple in American households. Back then computers weighed tons, and were almost as powerful as the pocket calculators we sometimes get in cereal boxes today.

I like technology, as did my father. Maybe it runs in the family. An ancestor, Arba Zeri Campbell, was the first person in his part of the country to have a telephone.

Technology and People

Whether technology is helpful, or harmful, depends on the person using it. (Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2293)

For example, electricity can help someone cook food, or set the kitchen ablaze. The competence and intentions of the people involved is what matters.

Assumptions, America, and All That

I grew up when America was flushing the last of McCarthyism out of its system. It's one of the reasons I don't want a return to 'the good old days,' and that's another topic.

I endured the heyday of political correctness, which I also think was a really bad idea.

When the current lot became America's establishment, a silly optimism about science and technology became unfashionable: and was replaced by an equally-silly pessimism.

I resist the notion that I'm "moderate," but am convinced that:
  • America isn't
    • Always
      • Right
      • Wrong
    • The source of all problems
    • Humanity's only hope
  • Science and technology won't
    • Solve all problems
    • Cause all problems

Oh, Dandy: "The Energy Problem?"

I cringed while reading this:
"Questions linked to the care and preservation of the environment today need to give due consideration to the energy problem...."
("Caritas in Veritate," 49)
I kept reading, since Benedict XVI has a better track record for making sense than folks who simply hate new technology, science, or new anything. (April 7, 2011)

"Hoarding?" "Stockpiling?"

Benedict XVI says that folks in less-developed countries get hurt, sometimes killed, due to:
  • Hoarding non-renewable energy resources by
    • Nations
    • Power groups
    • Companies
  • Stockpiling of natural resources
I'm glad that documents like "Caritas in Veritate" have been translated into my native language, English. At times like this, though, I suspect that something got lost in translation.

"Caritas in Veritate," 49, cites stockpiling and hoarding as threats to the development of nations. "Stockpiling" and "hoarding" aren't quite synonyms, but they're close:
  • Hoard (verb)
    • Save up as for future use
    (Princeton's Wordnet)
  • Stockpile (verb)
    • have on hand
    (Princeton's Wordnet)

Of Misers and Petrol Stations

I think, or suspect, that the sense of this part of "Caritas in Veritate" is in connotations of the verb "to hoard." Hoarding is associated with being avaricious. (Thesaurus.com)

Stockpiling can be the act of a miser, someone who refuses to fairly distribute resources. Stockpiling can also be a practical matter of setting aside resources so that they can be used when needed: like the old woodpile; or the more contemporary filling station.

"Superman" Comics and the Federation of Man

"Superman" comics of my youth sometimes mentioned the Science Council of Krypton. A wise, benevolent, powerful world government was a stock item in speculative fiction of the time.

Less optimistic imaginings seem to be more common today: which I suspect are about as accurate as "Just Imagine." (1930)

I think subsidiarity makes sense, I'm not overly fond of top-heavy bureaucracies and regulations, but I acknowledge that some sort of government is necessary. My hope for coming generations is similar to what Tennyson outlined in the mid-1800s:
"...For I dipt into the future, far as human eye could see,
Saw the vision of the world, and all the wonder that would be;


"...

"Till the war-drum throbbed no longer, and the battle-flags were furl'd
In the Parliament of man, the Federation of the world.


"There the common sense of most shall hold a fretful realm in awe,
And the kindly earth shall slumber, lapt in universal law....
"
("Locksley Hall," Tennyson (1842, rev. 1865) via gutenberg.org)
Something like Tennyson's Federation of the world, an "international authority with the necessary competence and power," could protect people without resorting to military force. (Catechism, 2308) Would that international authority be perfect? Of course not. I've discussed original sin before.

Today our closest approximations to Tennyson's Federation are organizations like the United Nations. I don't 'trust' the U.N., any more than I 'trust' the American Congress: but it's what we have to work with. (June 16, 2011)

Regulations, Duty, and Basically Good Ideas

"...The international community has an urgent duty to find institutional means of regulating the exploitation of non-renewable resources, involving poor countries in the process, in order to plan together for the future...."
("Caritas in Veritate," 49)
I think the "urgent duty" and "institutional means" in that excerpt are basically good ideas. I also think the odds of success are better if folks at the receiving end really do get some say in what happens.

We'll almost certainly have problems sorting out a "means of regulating ... non-renewable resources." As I've said before, having problems is nothing new:
"2 But man himself begets mischief, as sparks fly upward."
(Job 5:7)
That doesn't mean that I think we should stop trying: just that expecting a trouble-free process is unrealistic.

Energy, Efficiency, and "Ecological Sensitivity"

"...The technologically advanced societies can and must lower their domestic energy consumption, either through an evolution in manufacturing methods or through greater ecological sensitivity among their citizens...."
("Caritas in Veritate," 49)
I think this makes sense, basically. But I'm very far from wanting to go back to the 'good old days' of wood stoves and cholera epidemics.

Like it or not, the system that provides (usually) clean water and (generally) safe food also involves advertising. Lots of advertising. I don't think it's reasonable, or prudent, to insist that cities like New York and Tokyo pull the plug on their digital billboards. Not everybody sees things the way I do, obviously:
From what I've read, one of the major objections to this new technology is that it's distracting: which is the whole point of having a billboard in the first place.

I suppose Congress could pass legislation that forbids Americans from looking at advertisements, and that's almost another topic.

What seems to get lost in the shuffle in debates about new lighting and display technologies is that digital signboards are much more efficient with the energy they use, than the 'good old fashioned' outdoor lighting I grew up with.

I'd like to believe that more folks could learn that "ecological sensitivity" doesn't necessarily mean hating technology and wanting to live in a commune.

LEDs and Me

When I bought a new flashlight a few years ago, I got one with a LED instead of a light bulb. My desk lamp has one of those new CFL 'light bulbs.' In both cases, I wanted to use less energy: and keep working after sundown.

I'm not entirely happy about the way the 'new and improved' lighting technology was forced on Americans. I think we'd have come around to spending less money on our energy bills, anyway. Or maybe I'm over-estimating the amount of sense folks have.

The whole 'environmental sensitivity' thing, as preached by Captain Planet, seems a bit silly to me: but I'm also appalled at the waste I see now and then.

My parents were 'old school,' in a way. They lived through the Great Depression, which reinforced the 'waste not, want not' habits of an earlier time. I learned that throwing food away doesn't make sense, and that reusing paper bags and other 'disposable' items does.

Looking Forward

Getting back to energy consumption and "greater ecological sensitivity:" I don't think that Benedict XVI wants us to go back to the stone age, or even the 'good old days' I grew up in.

For one thing, the Vatican still has that massive website, vatican.va, and keeps adding more features: like Year of Faith / Annus Fidei.

The trick, as I see it, isn't going back to a 'simpler time.' It's using good sense, and remembering that we're not the only folks around. Each of us has about 7,000,000,000 neighbors: plus generations who haven't been born yet.

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Monday, November 19, 2012

Nature: and the Responsible Use of Freedom

Worshiping nature is off limits for me. Doing so would be idolatry, and a very bad idea. (Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2110-2114) I've written about idolatry before:
One paragraph, and I'm already wandering off-topic.

I'm wrapping up "Caritas in Veritate," 48, today. Benedict XVI's encyclical letter says that we need to respect the natural world. We must also respect human nature.

Scraping Nature Off the Windshield

I'm no outdoorsman, but I like nature: partly because it photographs well.

Another week come and gone. Sauk Centre sunset, November 10, 2005.
Sauk Centre, Minnesota, sunset. November 2005.

Frost on Ash Street near Our Lady of the Angels church
Frost on Ash Street. December 2005.

These photos are from my Sauk Centre Journal, a weekly post about what I've noticed in Sauk Centre, Minnesota. It's not always picture-postcard weather here. We get the occasional tornado, blizzard, downpours, and hail: plus dreary gray days.


Sauk Centre, Minnesota's, lakeside park. November 2008.


Storm clouds, Sauk Centre. July 2010. (from "Tornado Sirens, Hail, and a Parade Coming This Evening," Through One Dad's Eye (July 17, 2010))

Freezing rain happens, too. Minnesota weather is not boring.


Freezing rain left a nice, even coat of ice on the windshield. November 2010.

Nature and Priorities

Benedict XVI wrote that nature is:
  • Important
  • Not more important than a person
  • For our wise use
  • Not something to be
    • Worshiped
    • Recklessly exploited
    ("Caritas in Veritate," 48)
That's from last week's post. (November 12, 2012)

Nature is important: we need it to survive. But it's not more important than we are. Not according to the Catholic Church. We're told that nature isn't divine - but it isn't a pile of raw material for us to use or waste, either:
"...Reducing nature merely to a collection of contingent data ends up doing violence to the environment and even encouraging activity that fails to respect human nature itself...."
("Caritas in Veritate," 48)
That's an important point: human beings have a 'nature,' characteristics that make us different from other parts of creation.

Human Nature: Matter and Spirit

We are material beings: and we also have a spiritual nature:
  • Animals
    • Are under our dominion
      • Moral law applies to our actions
        • We must remember
          • Our neighbor
          • Generations to come
        (Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2415)
    • Are not people
      • Deal with human misery first
        (Catechism, 2418)
    • May be used for
      • Clothing
      • Food
      • Pets
      • Research
        (Catechism, 2417)
    • Belong to God
      • We owe them kindness
      • Remember how St. Francis of Assisi treated animals
        • And St. Philip Neri
        (Catechism, 2416)
  • Human beings are
    • Animals
      • A special sort of animal
        • Endowed with reason
        • Capable of
          • Understanding
          • Discernment
        (Catechism, 1951)
    • People
      • Rational and therefore like God
        • Made in the image and likeness of God
          (Catechism, 1700)
      • Created with free will
      • Master over our actions
        (Catechism, 1730)
    (August 13, 2011)

Great Power, Great Responsibility

Because we are rational beings, we can make decisions: and be responsible for what we decide.
"...Human beings interpret and shape the natural environment through culture, which in turn is given direction by the responsible use of freedom, in accordance with the dictates of the moral law...."
("Caritas in Veritate," 48) [emphasis mine]
In this context, "moral law" isn't just about the zipper issues that make headlines now and then. This sort of 'morality' includes all ethical standards. (June 3, 2011)

This section ends with a reminder that we're responsible for managing nature for ourselves: and for folks who haven't been born yet.
"...projects for integral human development cannot ignore coming generations, but need to be marked by solidarity and inter-generational justice, while taking into account a variety of contexts: ecological, juridical, economic, political and cultural[117].
("Caritas in Veritate," 48)

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Monday, November 12, 2012

Nature: "Wise Use," Yes; "Reckless Exploitation," No

Nature came first. God set it up as a place where we can live:
"...Nature expresses a design of love and truth. It is prior to us, and it has been given to us by God as the setting for our life. Nature speaks to us of the Creator (cf. Rom 1:20) and his love for humanity...."
("Caritas in Veritate," 48)
That's where I left Benedict XVI's "Caritas in Veritate" two weeks ago. (October 29, 2012)

Nature: a Balanced View

Nature is:
  • Important
  • Not more important than a person
  • For our wise use
  • Not something to be
    • Worshiped
    • Recklessly exploited
That's my opinion. More importantly, that's part of what these excerpts from "Caritas in Veritate" say:
"...Nature is at our disposal not as 'a heap of scattered refuse'[116], but as a gift of the Creator who has given it an inbuilt order, enabling man to draw from it the principles needed in order 'to till it and keep it' (Gen 2:15)...."
("Caritas in Veritate," 48)
Nature is special: a wonderful gift that we're just beginning to understand.

Nature being important probably isn't hard to believe today. Putting it in perspective might be.
"...But it should also be stressed that it is contrary to authentic development to view nature as something more important than the human person. This position leads to attitudes of neo-paganism or a new pantheism - human salvation cannot come from nature alone, understood in a purely naturalistic sense...."
("Caritas in Veritate," 48)
I like nature. I think it's a "wondrous work of the Creator." But as a Catholic, I can't treat nature as if it is divine. That's idolatry: and a very bad idea. (Catechism, 2097, 2112-2114, 2534) (July 15, 2012)

"Dominion," Yes: Ownership, No

As I said before, "Information Age America isn't Victoria England." (October 29, 2012) About a century back, folks hadn't learned that:
I think part of the problem was a mechanistic view of nature popular in some circles. It's possible that another lot didn't read much past this verse:
"4 Then God said: 'Let us make man in our image, after our likeness. Let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, the birds of the air, and the cattle, and over all the wild animals and all the creatures that crawl on the ground.' "
(Genesis 1:26)
Sure, we've got "dominion" over creatures of this world. But that doesn't mean we own them. The relationship is more like steward and estate. (Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2416-2418) I've been over that before. (August 17, 2009)

The next chapter of Genesis outlines what we're supposed to do with the natural world:
"The LORD God then took the man and settled him in the garden of Eden, to cultivate and care for it."
(Genesis 2:15)

"Wise Use, Not ... Reckless Exploitation"

Worshiping nature is a bad idea.

Seeing nature as a thing that can be used any way we like is wrong, too.

Acting as if either is true gets in the way of human development.

The Catholic Church sees nature as "a wondrous work of the Creator:" with the respect that implies.
"...This having been said, it is also necessary to reject the opposite position, which aims at total technical dominion over nature, because the natural environment is more than raw material to be manipulated at our pleasure; it is a wondrous work of the Creator containing a 'grammar' which sets forth ends and criteria for its wise use, not its reckless exploitation. Today much harm is done to development precisely as a result of these distorted notions...."
(Genesis 1:26)
Recklessly exploiting nature harms the environment: and "fails to respect human nature itself."

More about that next week. That's the plan, anyway.

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Monday, October 29, 2012

"The Natural Environment ... God's Gift to Everyone"

I spent my teens in the '60s, and remember the first Earth Day, back in 1970. I also remember seeing truck-sized rafts of suds floating down the Mississippi River in the mid-'70s.

About three decades later, I'm still concerned about environmental issues.

That doesn't mean that I think humanity is a cancer on 'Mother Earth,' that 'Mother Nature' is dying, or that we'll all be killed by whatever today's fashionable crisis is.

Green, Above and Beyond the Call of Reason

I'd spent quite a bit of time on college campuses by the time I became a Catholic. I had gotten used to some colorful varieties of 'environmentalism' and folks who seemed convinced that:
  1. Human beings were killing Nature
    • And shouldn't exist
  2. Humanity could continue to exist if
    • There are a lot fewer of us
    • We live 'sustainably,' like we did before the
      • Industrial revolution
      • Iron age
      • Late stone age
  3. Technology is bad
Not all strident environmentalists believed 'all of the above,' and some had other sincerely-held beliefs. Sadly, the wacky side of environmental awareness made it difficult to take the steady stream of alleged crises seriously.

Part of my problem was that I remembered when terribly serious folks were concerned about fluoridated water and other 'commie threats' - - -

- - - Which reminds me of science, junk and otherwise; which is another set of topics:
Where was I?

Environmental concerns, real and imagined. Getting a grip. Right.

Environmentalism that Makes Sense

Don't get me wrong: I think:
  • It's stupid to dump raw sewage in water we plan to drink
  • Recycling is basically a good idea
  • Wasteful use of resources is a bad idea
But my background made it easy for me to assume that 'environmentalism' was a borderline-crackpot set of beliefs.

Then I started running into this sort of thing:
"...Man must therefore respect the particular goodness of every creature, to avoid any disordered use of things which would be in contempt of the Creator and would bring disastrous consequences for human beings and their environment."
(Catechism of the Catholic Church, 339)
There's a reasonable approach to 'animal rights,' too: and that's another topic. (Catechism, 2416, 2418) (August 17, 2009)

Benedict XVI's "Caritas in Veritate" discusses concerns about economic development, technology, human development; and managing the environment:
"Today the subject of development is also closely related to the duties arising from our relationship to the natural environment. The environment is God's gift to everyone, and in our use of it we have a responsibility towards the poor, towards future generations and towards humanity as a whole...."
("Caritas in Veritate," 48)

Information Age America isn't Victorian England

The idea that religion, Christianity in particular, is the root of all problems is - yet more topics. I've posted about Tennyson, Lennon, and getting along, before. (April 18, 2012)

Then there's malignant virtue and America's perennial 'End Times Bible prophecies.' Still more topics. (December 9, 2010, June 14, 2011) The Church takes the Last Judgment seriously. (May 21, 2011) Good grief. More topics.

I don't buy into the 'religion kills' attitude. But I've run into enough folks whose enthusiasm for hatred makes that attitude seem reasonable:
I think much of today's assumptions about religion - held by both the 'religion kills' and the 'everything I don't like is Satanic' sort - stems from a conniption among gentlemen of another century:
Victoria hasn't been Queen of England for generations, the 'Scopes Monkey Trial' is long over, and I think it's time to acknowledge that 'the good old days' are gone.

And thank God for that. (June 2, 2011)

Responsibility is No Accident

I've run into folks who seem convinced that Christians want to destroy nature because God says so. Maybe there's a preacher somewhere who says that.

God told our first parents to "fill the earth and subdue it." (Genesis 1:26-30) But - and this is important - we're stewards, not owners. I've been over this before.
And see:
I recognize that folks can believe that God shouldn't exist, and still want to 'save the rainforest.'

But once I admit that God exists, and created the visible world: acting irresponsibly toward this creation simply isn't an option:
"...When nature, including the human being, is viewed as the result of mere chance or evolutionary determinism, our sense of responsibility wanes. In nature, the believer recognizes the wonderful result of God's creative activity, which we may use responsibly to satisfy our legitimate needs, material or otherwise, while respecting the intrinsic balance of creation...."
("Caritas in Veritate," 48)

Getting a Grip About Nature

Here's why it's a good idea to keep God in mind, together with the idea that we don't own nature:
"...If this vision is lost, we end up either considering nature an untouchable taboo or, on the contrary, abusing it. Neither attitude is consonant with the Christian vision of nature as the fruit of God's creation...."
("Caritas in Veritate," 48)
Yes, we have 'dominion' over the visible world. But it's not ours to destroy.

Simple self-interest should show that we shouldn't make a mess of the natural world. A key word there is "should." Moving on.

We have a responsibility to folks who haven't been born yet, and to the owner of this world. I don't think that means that any use of natural resources is wrong. We've got brains, hands, and a knack for finding new uses for the things in this world. I doubt very much that God made us this way 'by mistake.'

"...A Design of Love and Truth"

Worshiping nature, treating the creation as if it is God, is not an option. That would be idolatry, and a very bad idea. (Catechism, 2112-2114) (April 15, 2012)

But recognizing the designs and beauties of nature, and their implications, makes sense. I'll get back to this next week, God willing:
"...Nature expresses a design of love and truth. It is prior to us, and it has been given to us by God as the setting for our life. Nature speaks to us of the Creator (cf. Rom 1:20) and his love for humanity...."
("Caritas in Veritate," 48)
Finally, here's a few verses from Romans, including the one cited:
"For what can be known about God is evident to them, because God made it evident to them.

"Ever since the creation of the world, his invisible attributes of eternal power and divinity have been able to be understood and perceived in what he has made. As a result, they have no excuse;

"for although they knew God they did not accord him glory as God or give him thanks. Instead, they became vain in their reasoning, and their senseless minds were darkened."
(Romans 1:19-21)

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Marian Apparition: Champion, Wisconsin

Background:Posts in this blog: In the news:

What's That Doing in a Nice Catholic Blog?

From time to time, a service that I use will display links to - odd - services and retailers.

I block a few of the more obvious dubious advertisers.

For example: psychic anything, numerology, mediums, and related practices are on the no-no list for Catholics. It has to do with the Church's stand on divination. I try to block those ads.

Sometime regrettable advertisements get through, anyway.

Bottom line? What that service displays reflects the local culture's norms, - not Catholic teaching.